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Polykleitos
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Polykleitos was an ancient Greek sculptor in bronze of the 5th century BCE. His Greek name was traditionally Latinized ''Polycletus'', but is also transliterated ''Polycleitus''; (, "much-renowned") and due to iotacism in the transition from Ancient to Modern Greek, ''Polyklitos'' or ''Polyclitus''. He is called ''Sicyonius'' (lit. "The Sicyonian", usually translated as "of Sicyon") 〔Pliny the Elder ''Natural Histories'' 34.19.23〕 by Latin authors including Pliny the Elder and Cicero, and Ἀργείος (lit. "The Argive", trans. "of Argos") by others like Plato and Pausanias. He is sometimes called the Elder, in cases where it is necessary to distinguish him from his son, a major architect but minor sculptor.
Alongside the Athenian sculptors Pheidias, Myron and Praxiteles, he is considered one of the most important sculptors of Classical antiquity. The 4th century BCE catalogue attributed to Xenocrates (the "Xenocratic catalogue"), which was Pliny's guide in matters of art, ranked him between Pheidias and Myron.〔Andrew Stewart, "Polykleitos of Argos," ''One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works'', 16.73〕
==Early life and training==
As noted above, Polykleitos is called "The Sicyonian" by some authors, all writing in Latin, and who modern scholars view as relying on an error of Pliny the Elder in conflating another more minor sculptor from Sikyon, a disciple of Phidias, with Polykleitos of Argos. Pausanias is adamant that they were not the same person, and that Polykleitos was from Argos, in which city state he must have received his early training,〔That a "school of Argos" existed during the fifth century is minimized as "marginal" by Jeffery M. Hurwit, "The Doryphoros: Looking Backward", in Warren G. Moon, ed. ''Polykleitos, the Doryphoros, and Tradition'', 1995:3-18.〕 and a contemporary of Phidias (possibly also taught by Ageladas).
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